TRANSITIONS BETWEEN SARCOPENIA STATES AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related progressive reduction in muscle mass and function. Few observational studies have characterized the dynamic nature of sarcopenia, which is potentially reversible. However, little is known about the determinants of sarcopenia reversal among community-dwelling older adults. We aimed to explore transitions in sarcopenia status and identify factors associated with the reversibility of sarcopenia over a 2-year follow-up period. We conducted prospective analyses (n=1,992) among participants (mean age, 76.3±3.9 years; 47.6% men) who underwent measurement of sarcopenia status at baseline and 2-year follow-up from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Sarcopenia status was diagnosed using the criteria of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. After 2 years of follow-up, 224 (11.2%) individuals developed sarcopenia, 176 (8.8%) had reversed their sarcopenia, 276 (13.9%) remained in a sarcopenic state, and 1,317 (66.1%) had maintained a non-sarcopenic state. For men, moderate to high levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]=2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.31–4.56), resistance training more than 2–3 times per week (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.04–3.97), and lower body mass index (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82) were associated with greater odds reversing sarcopenia. For women, cognitive function (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26 per 1-point increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination) was associated with higher rates of reversing sarcopenia. To conclude, our results support the dynamic nature of sarcopenia and potentially reversible factors such as higher levels of physical activity and cognitive function, which could be beneficial in the treatment of community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia.

and Aging Cohort Study.Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria.The MBS was calculated from eight biomarkers (Growth differentiation factor-15, Cystatin-C, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Hemoglobin, Myostatin, Aspartate aminotransferase/Alanine aminotransferase, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, and Blood urea nitrogen) using ridge regression.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to identify an utility of MBS to discriminate sarcopenia.The association of MBS with incidence of sarcopenia were examined by multivariate logistic regression.MBS has an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.71 with an optimal cutoff of 1.76, which is higher than all other individual biomarkers (all, p< 0.01).In prospective study, continuous MBS was positively associated with incidence of sarcopenia after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio[OR]=1.63;95% CI=1.23-2.17).Participants with high risk (>1.76 score) had a higher odds of sarcopenia than those with low risk (≤ 1.76) (OR=1.82;95% CI=1.04-3.19).In conclusion, MBS better discriminated the presence of sarcopenia than did individual biomarkers, which can further predict sarcopenia after 2 years in older adults.Thus, combination of multiple biomarkers into single risk score can be helpful for earlier detection of sarcopenia.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CROSS-TISSUE AND INTRA-TISSUE MEASURES OF AGING BIOLOGY IN OLDER ADULTS Reem Waziry, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States
The present study included individuals (N=2406) aged 50 and older who had complete data for saliva-based telomere length and blood-based biological aging measures in the Health and Retirement Venous blood and Telomere length studies.Average telomere length was assayed using quantitative PCR (qPCR).DNA methylation clocks included: Horvath (353 CpG sites), Hannum (71 CpG sites), Levine (referred to as phenoAge, (513 CpG sites)), GrimAge, (epigenetic surrogate markers for select plasma proteins), Horvath Skin and Blood (391 CpG sites), Lin (99 CpG sites), Weidner (3 CpG sites), and VidalBralo (8 CpG sites).Physiology measures included albumin, creatinine, glucose, [log] C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percent, mean cell volume, red blood cell distribution width, alkaline phosphatase, and white blood cell count.Relationships between aging biology measures in blood and saliva and variations according to gender were assessed.Blood-based measures showed an inverse relationship with saliva-based telomere length.Increase in saliva-based telomere length was associated with 1 to 4 years slower biological aging based on blood-based measures with the highest magnitude being Weidner (Coefficient= -3.97, P = 0.005), GrimAge (-3.33,P < 0.001), and Lin (-3.45,P = 0.008).Variations in DNA methylation and physiology measures of aging biology with changes in telomere length provide new avenues for integration of these measures in clinical care of vulnerable and clinically difficult to reach individuals.

TRANSITIONS BETWEEN SARCOPENIA STATES AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Miji Kim 1 , Hyung Eun Shin 1 , and Chang Won Won 2 , 1. Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2. Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related progressive reduction in muscle mass and function.Few observational studies have characterized the dynamic nature of sarcopenia, which is potentially reversible.However, little is known about the determinants of sarcopenia reversal among community-dwelling older adults.We aimed to explore transitions in sarcopenia status and identify factors associated with the reversibility of sarcopenia over a 2-year follow-up period.We conducted prospective analyses (n=1,992) among participants (mean age, 76.3±3.9 years; 47.6% men) who underwent measurement of sarcopenia status at baseline and 2-year follow-up from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.Sarcopenia status was diagnosed using the criteria of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.After 2 years of follow-up, 224 (11.2%) individuals developed sarcopenia, 176 (8.8%) had reversed their sarcopenia, 276 (13.9%) remained in a sarcopenic state, and 1,317 (66.1%) had maintained a non-sarcopenic state.For men, moderate to high levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]=2.50[95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.31-4.56),resistance training more than 2-3 times per week (OR=2.03,95% CI: 1.04-3.97),and lower body mass index (OR=0.67,95% CI: 0.55-0.82)were associated with greater odds reversing sarcopenia.For women, cognitive function (OR=1.12,95% CI: 1.05-1.26per 1-point increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination) was associated with higher rates of reversing sarcopenia.To conclude, our results support the dynamic nature of sarcopenia and potentially reversible factors such as higher levels of physical activity and cognitive function, which could be beneficial in the treatment of community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia.

. Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Almost 2 billion people will likely be above the age of 60 by 2050.Aging is a process that is intrinsically complicated.One of the measures for immune system senescence is aging related immune cells phenotypes (ARIP)s.Besides CD8/CD4 ratio, new immunosenescence phenotypes have been proposed.The associations between ARIPs and allcause mortality during long-term follow up is understudied.We profiled immune cells using flow cytometry and prospectively investigated ten different ARIPs, namely, CD4+CD27-, CD4+CD28-CD27-, CD8+CD27-, CD8+CD28-CD27-, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD4+(Tnaive/(T Central Memory (Tcm) + T Effector Memory (Tem) + T Effector (Teff)), CD8+ (Tnaive/(Tcm+Tem+Teff)), Granzyme B+CD8/Granzyme B+CD4 ratio, CD8+ Tc17/Treg ratio and CD4+ Th17/Treg ratio in relation to survival outcome among 990 dementiafree Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort participants who attended the seventh exam (1998-2001, mean age 62 years, range 40-88, 52% female).Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age and sex with robust variance to account for family correlation were used to test for association between the ARIPs and hazard of death.During up to 20 years of follow up, the survival rate was 66%.Higher CD8+ Tc17/Treg ratio was significantly associated with better survival (HR:0.82[0.7-0.94],p< 0.001).Higher CD4+ Th17/Treg ratio and CD4/CD8 ratio were also nominally associated with lower risk of death (HR:0.87,[0.75-0.97],p=0.01 and HR 0.9, [0.79-0.99],p=0.04, respectively).Other ARIPs were unassociated with all-cause mortality.We conclude that further investigation of the CD8+Tc17/Treg and CD4+ Th17/Treg ratios as ARIP biomarkers for risk of all-cause mortality is justified.The objective of the Senior Oral Health Equity Project (SOHEP) Basic Screening Survey (BSS) was to determine the oral health status of seniors 55yrs and older in Detroit senior centers.The ASTDD BSS tool was used to collect the data.The screenings were conducted in two local senior centers to determine the prevalence of dental disease as well as dental care needs.The data were collected using Qualtrics© and analyzed using SPSS©.Majority of the seniors (n=67) screened were African American (88.9%), female (79.1%) and between the ages of 65 and 85 yrs.(89.6%).Results showed that there is a high prevalence of tooth loss (6 or more teeth -59.6%), untreated decay (38.8%), need for periodontal care (52.2%) and need for dental care (43.3%).The results suggest that the senior center participants have limited access to dental care.There is a need to develop preventive dental programs for seniors where they congregate and live.

COMMUNITY-CLINICAL LINKAGE MODELS FOR COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: A RAPID SCOPING REVIEW
Miriam Gofine, Gregory Laynor, Rachel Massar, and Antoinette Schoenthaler, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States About 10% of older adults (OA) have unmet healthcare needs.Community-clinic linkage models (CCLM) aim to facilitate healthcare access by linking the community and health sectors.However, research on community-based linkages for community-dwelling OA into the healthcare sector is nascent.CCLM implemented for the general adult population are not necessarily age-friendly.This scoping review aims to characterize programs that are designed to facilitate